膳食補充劑主要包括膳食纖維和益生元,而膳食纖維又分為可溶性膳食纖維和不可溶膳食纖維。長期以來,我國居民存在飲食結構不平衡,高糖高油脂食物攝入過量等問題。膳食纖維作為一種不能被人體吸收消化的多糖,可以將糖油類物質包裹直接排除體外,起到促進胃腸道蠕動、改善便秘、降低血糖和血脂的作用。益生元可以促進雙歧桿菌等益生菌的增殖,扣制有害菌和致病菌,低聚糖類益生元還同時具備可溶性膳食纖維的相關特性。隨著營養意識的提高,膳食纖維和益生元在近年來得到人們的關注。
由于膳食纖維自身不能被消化和吸收的特性,曾一度被認為是一種“無營養物質”。上個世紀90年代,隨著營養學和相關科學的深入發展,人們逐漸發現膳食纖維在抑制脂肪吸收、促進腸道健康、預防心腦血管疾病等方面具有生理作用.1991年,世界衛生組織在日內瓦會議上正式將膳食纖維列為繼蛋白質、脂肪、水、礦物質、碳水化合物和維生素之后的第七大營養元素。七大營養素在人體內各司其職,缺一不可。
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